Shoulder Dislocation: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options 

What is a Shoulder Dislocation?

A shoulder dislocation is described when the humerus (upper arm bone) comes out of the scapula socket (also known as the shoulder blade). The shoulder joint which is known as the glenohumeral joint, is a ball-and-socket joint, providing a wide range of motion. However, this flexibility also makes it susceptible to dislocations. 

Types of Shoulder Dislocations

There are different types of shoulder dislocations, these include:

  • Anterior Dislocation: This is the most common type, where the head of the humerus moves forward out of the socket.
  • Posterior Dislocation: Less common, this occurs when the head of the humerus moves backward.
  • Inferior Dislocation: Rare, this happens when the head of the humerus moves downward.

Prevalence of Shoulder Dislocations 

The prevalence of shoulder dislocations varies depending on the population and context, such as sports involvement or general activities. Here are some general statistics and insights:

  • General Population:
  • The occurrence of shoulder dislocations in the general population is estimated to be around 23.9 per 100,000 person-years.
  • Anterior dislocations make up approximately 95% to 97% of all shoulder dislocations.
  • Age and Gender:
  • Young adults, particularly males between 15 and 29, have the highest incidence of shoulder dislocations, primarily due to sports and high-energy activities.
  • Older adults, especially those over 60, also have an increased risk, often due to falls and lower bone density.
  • Sports-Related Incidence:
  • Shoulder dislocations are seen commonly in contact sports including football, rugby, and hockey, as well as sports involving overhead motions like basketball and volleyball.
  • In sports, the incidence rate can be significantly higher, with some studies indicating rates as high as 1.7 to 3 per 1000 person-years in certain athletic populations.
  • Recurrent Dislocations:
  • After a shoulder has been dislocated, there is a higher risk of dislocation occurring again, especially in younger individuals and athletes. Recurrence rates can range from 20% to 90%, depending on age, activity level, and initial treatment.

Understanding these prevalence statistics can help identify at-risk populations and implement preventive measures, such as strength training and proper techniques in sports, to reduce the likelihood of shoulder dislocations. 

Symptoms of Shoulder Dislocations 

There are various symptoms you may experience following a shoulder dislocation:

  • Intense pain in the shoulder
  • Visible deformity or out-of-place shoulder
  • Swelling and bruising
  • Inability to move the shoulder
  • Numbness or weakness in the upper limb (arm, hand, or fingers)

Common Causes of Shoulder Dislocations

Common causes of shoulder dislocations are:

  • Trauma: Such as a fall on the arm when it is outstretched or a direct blow to the shoulder.
  • Sports Injuries: Common in contact sports like football, hockey, and rugby.
  • Seizures or Electric Shocks: Can cause violent muscle contractions leading to dislocation.

Repetitive Strain: Overuse of the shoulder in activities like swimming or throwing can lead to instability and dislocation over time.

Shoulder Dislocation
Shoulder injury during tennis

Risk Factors for Shoulder Dislocations 

There are several factors that can lead to an increased risk of shoulder dislocations. These include:

  • Age and Gender:
    • Young males, particularly those aged 15 to 29, are at a higher risk due to engagement in high-energy activities and sports.
    • Older adults, especially those over 60, are also at risk, often due to falls and decreased bone density.
  • Sports and Physical Activities:
    • Contact sports (e.g., football, rugby, hockey) and activities involving overhead motions (e.g., basketball, volleyball, swimming) pose a higher risk.
    • High-impact and extreme sports, such as skiing, snowboarding, and rock climbing, also increase the likelihood of shoulder dislocations.
  • Previous Shoulder Dislocations:
    • A history of shoulder dislocations significantly raises the risk of recurrence, particularly if the initial dislocation was not adequately treated or rehabilitated.
  • Congenital or Acquired Joint Instability:
    • Some people are born with naturally loose joints (ligamentous laxity) or develop instability due to repetitive strain or injury, making them more susceptible to dislocations.
  • Trauma:
    • This includes direct blows to the shoulder, a fall onto the hand when the arm is outstretched, or violent twisting motions, which can dislocate the shoulder.
  • Occupational Hazards:
    • Jobs that require heavy lifting, repetitive overhead motions, or activities with an increased risk of falls increase the risk of shoulder dislocations.
  • Seizures and Electric Shocks:
    • These can cause sudden, violent muscle contractions that can dislocate the shoulder.
  • Bone and Joint Disorders:
    • Conditions like arthritis, rotator cuff tears, or previous fractures can weaken the shoulder joint and increase the likelihood of dislocations.

Understanding these risks can aid in prevention and early intervention strategies, such as strengthening exercises, proper training techniques, and protective gear in sports and high-risk occupations.

Potential Complications of Shoulder Dislocations 

Shoulder dislocations can lead to various complications, some of which can have long-term effects on shoulder function and overall health. It is essential to seek specialist orthopaedic care after a shoulder dislocation to minimise the risk of complications. Potential complications include:

  • Recurrent Dislocations:
    • Once the shoulder has been dislocated, there is a higher likelihood of it happening again, particularly in young and active individuals.
  • Nerve Injury:
    • The dislocation can damage nerves around the shoulder, such as the axillary nerve, leading to numbness, weakness, or paralysis in the affected arm.
  • Blood Vessel Damage:
    • Dislocation can cause injury to the blood vessels around the shoulder, potentially leading to circulatory issues or a hematoma (which is a collection of blood outside the blood vessels).
  • Rotator Cuff Injury:
    • The rotator cuff (this is the group of tendons and muscles that stabilise the shoulder) can be torn or damaged during a dislocation, resulting in pain and limited movement.
  • Fractures:
    • Dislocation can be accompanied by fractures of the humerus or the glenoid (the socket part of the shoulder blade), complicating treatment and recovery.
  • Joint Instability:
    • Repeated dislocations or insufficient healing can lead to chronic shoulder instability, where the shoulder feels loose and is prone to slipping out of place.
  • Arthritis:
    • Over time, shoulder dislocations can increase the risk of developing osteoarthritis in the shoulder joint due to the wear of the cartilage and other joint structures.
  • Brachial Plexus Injury:
    • Severe dislocations can stretch or tear the brachial plexus (these are the nerves that control the muscles and sensations in the shoulder, arm, and hand).
  • Labral Tears:
    • The labrum (which is the cartilage that surrounds the shoulder socket) can be torn during a dislocation. This is known as a Bankart lesion and can contribute to instability and pain.
  • Post-Reduction Complications:
    • After the shoulder is put back into place (reduction), complications such as stiffness, pain, or improper healing can occur if the joint is not adequately immobilised and rehabilitated.

Proper diagnosis, treatment, and active rehabilitation are critical to minimise these complications and promote full recovery. Early intervention and adherence to physiotherapy can help restore shoulder function and prevent long-term issues. Access Ortho offers rapid appointments for acute injuries such as shoulder dislocations. 

Diagnosing Shoulder Dislocations and Tests used to confirm a shoulder dislocation

Diagnosing a shoulder dislocation involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging studies. Here’s a detailed overview of the diagnostic process:

  • Medical History:
    • The medical practitioner will ask about the circumstances leading to the injury, any previous shoulder dislocations or injuries, and the symptoms experienced.
  • Physical Examination:
    • Inspection: The medical practitioner will look for signs of dislocation, such as an abnormal contour of the shoulder, swelling, bruising, or a visible deformity.
    • Palpation: Gently feeling the shoulder area to identify any bony prominences, gaps, or tenderness.
    • Range of Motion: Assessing the patient’s ability to move the shoulder and noting any pain or limitations.
    • Neurological Examination: Checking for nerve function by assessing sensation and strength in the arm, hand, and fingers.
  • Imaging Studies:
    • X-rays: The primary imaging tool used to confirm a dislocation and determine its direction (anterior, posterior, or inferior). X-rays can also reveal any associated fractures or bone damage.
    • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Used to assess soft tissue damage, such as tears in the rotator cuff, labrum, or ligaments. MRI is particularly useful in recurrent dislocations or when there is suspicion of significant soft tissue injury.
    • Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: A CT provides a detailed view of the bone structures and can help in complex cases, such as when fractures are present or when there is a need to plan for surgical intervention.
    • Ultrasound: Sometimes used to evaluate soft tissue injuries, particularly in situations where MRI is not available or when quick, real-time imaging is needed.
  • Special Tests:
    • Apprehension Test: The doctor positions the arm in a way that would potentially cause a dislocation, observing the patient’s reaction for signs of fear or apprehension, indicating instability.
    • Relocation Test: Performed after the apprehension test to see if applying pressure on the shoulder relieves the apprehension and discomfort.
    • Sulcus Sign: The doctor pulls the arm downward and looks for a depression or “sulcus” below the acromion, indicating inferior instability.

Proper diagnosis is critical for determining the appropriate treatment plan and preventing complications. Immediate medical attention and accurate diagnosis are important for effective management of shoulder dislocations. Access Ortho offers rapid appointments for patients with shoulder injuries, ensuring access to prompt orthopaedic advice. 

Specific Considerations for Shoulder Dislocations 

Specific considerations for shoulder dislocations involve understanding the different types of dislocations, assessing individual patient factors, and planning appropriate management. This requires expert orthopaedic knowledge. Here are some key considerations:

  • Type of Dislocation:
  • Anterior Dislocation: The most common type, where the humeral head is displaced forward. Requires careful reduction to avoid neurovascular damage.
  • Posterior Dislocation: Less common, often associated with seizures or electric shocks. Can be missed on initial examination; look for subtle signs on imaging.
  • Inferior Dislocation (Luxatio Erecta): Rare, the arm is typically held overhead. Often associated with neurovascular injury; requires urgent reduction and thorough evaluation.
  • Age and Activity Level:
    • Younger Patients: Higher risk of recurrent dislocations; emphasis on strengthening and stabilisation exercises.
    • Older Patients: Higher risk of associated fractures and rotator cuff tears; may require different rehabilitation protocols.
  • Associated Injuries:
    • Nerve Injuries: Particularly the axillary nerve; assess for sensation over the deltoid and muscle strength.
    • Vascular Injuries: Check for signs of compromised blood flow, such as pallor, diminished pulses, or a hematoma.
    • Soft Tissue Damage: Rotator cuff tears, labral tears (Bankart lesions), or capsular injuries should be assessed, especially if surgery is considered.
  • Chronic or Recurrent Dislocations:
    • Evaluate for underlying causes such as ligamentous laxity, glenoid bone loss, or Hill-Sachs lesions (compression fracture of the humeral head).
    • Consider surgical intervention for recurrent cases, especially in athletes or individuals with high functional demands.
  • Initial Management:
    • Reduction Techniques: Prompt reduction is crucial. Techniques vary based on dislocation type, patient comfort, and provider experience. Common methods include the Stimson technique, Hippocratic method, or traction-countertraction.
    • Immobilisation: Following reduction, immobilise the shoulder in a sling or brace. Duration and position of immobilisation may vary (e.g., internal rotation vs. external rotation).
    • Pain Management: Adequate analgesia or sedation may be required during reduction. Post-reduction pain control is important for patient comfort and compliance with rehabilitation.
  • Rehabilitation:
    • Tailor the rehabilitation program to the individual, this should focus on restoring movement, strength, and stability.
    • Gradual progression from passive to active exercises, emphasising the rotator cuff and scapular stabilisers.
    • Functional and sport-specific training for athletes, ensuring readiness for return to play.
  • Patient Education:
    • Educate patients about the risk of recurrence, the importance of adhering to rehabilitation protocols, and recognising early signs of instability.
    • Discuss lifestyle modifications or activity adjustments to reduce the risk of future dislocations.
  • Follow-Up:
    • Regular follow-up appointments to monitor progress, evaluate for complications, and adjust the treatment plan as needed.
    • Imaging studies (e.g., MRI) may be warranted if there is concern for persistent instability or if surgery is being considered.

Access Ortho will consider all these factors to develop a comprehensive and individualised approach to managing shoulder dislocations and optimising outcomes for each patient.

Managing and Treating Shoulder Dislocations 

Managing and treating shoulder dislocations involves several steps, from immediate care to long-term rehabilitation and possibly surgical intervention. Here’s a detailed overview:

Immediate Management:

  • Assessment and Diagnosis:
    • Perform a quick but thorough assessment to confirm the dislocation and check for associated injuries.
    • Evaluate for nerve and vascular involvement.
  • Reduction:
    • Reduction Techniques: There are various methods for reducing a shoulder dislocation, and the choice depends on the type of dislocation, patient condition, and provider experience. Common techniques include:
      • Stimson Technique: The patient lies prone, and a weight is attached to the affected arm to help gently pull the humerus back into place.
      • Hippocratic Method: The provider pulls on the affected arm while applying counter-traction at the shoulder.
      • Traction-Countertraction: Involves pulling on the arm while another person provides counter-traction.
      • Kocher’s Maneuver: Involves flexion of the elbow and external rotation of the arm to help the humeral head slide back into the socket.
    • Analgesia and Sedation: Adequate pain relief and possibly sedation are essential for patient comfort and successful reduction.
  • Post-Reduction Care:
  • Confirm the reduction with physical examination and X-rays.
  • Immobilise the shoulder using a sling or shoulder immobiliser for a specified period, typically 1-3 weeks.

Rehabilitation:

  • Initial Phase:
  • Immobilisation: Keep the shoulder immobilised to allow for initial healing.
  • Pain Management: Use NSAIDs or other pain relievers as prescribed.
  • Early Rehabilitation (1-3 weeks):
  • Begin with gentle passive and active-assisted range-of-motion exercises.
  • Avoid movements that could cause re-dislocation.
  • Strengthening Phase (3-6 weeks):
  • Gradually introduce exercises to strengthen the rotator cuff and scapular stabilisers.
  • Focus on exercises that improve shoulder stability without causing pain or instability.
  • Advanced Rehabilitation (6-12 weeks):
  • Increase the intensity of strengthening exercises.
  • Incorporate functional and sport-specific training for athletes.
  • Emphasise proprioception and neuromuscular control exercises.

Surgical Intervention:

  • Indications for Surgery:
  • Recurrent dislocations despite conservative treatment.
  • Significant soft tissue injuries (e.g., rotator cuff tears, labral tears).
  • Bone defects (e.g., significant Hill-Sachs lesions or glenoid fractures).
  • Young athletes or individuals with high functional demands.
  • Surgical Procedures:
  • Bankart Repair: Reattaches the torn labrum to the glenoid.
  • Latarjet Procedure: Transfers a portion of the coracoid bone to the front of the glenoid to provide stability.
  • Rotator Cuff Repair: Addresses any torn rotator cuff tendons.
  • Capsular Shift or Plication: Tightens the loose capsule to improve stability.
  • Post-Surgical Rehabilitation:
  • Follow a structured rehabilitation protocol tailored to the specific surgical procedure.
  • Gradual progression from immobilisation to range-of-motion and strengthening exercises.
  • Close monitoring by the surgeon and physiotherapist to ensure optimal recovery.

Long-Term Considerations:

  • Prevention of Recurrence:
  • Continue with strengthening and stability exercises as part of a regular fitness routine.
  • Avoid high-risk activities or modify techniques to reduce the risk of re-injury.
  • Patient Education:
  • Educate on recognising signs of instability or re-dislocation.
  • Emphasise the importance of adhering to rehabilitation and follow-up appointments.
  • Regular Follow-Up:
  • Periodic check-ups with the healthcare provider to monitor shoulder function and address any issues promptly.

By following these steps, healthcare providers can effectively manage and treat shoulder dislocations, helping patients recover fully and reduce the risk of future dislocations. Access Ortho can provide expert orthopaedic care in the management of shoulder dislocations.

Shoulder Dislocation
Immobilisation Following a Shoulder Injury

Preventing Shoulder Dislocations and Strategies Used to Reduce the Risk of Shoulder Dislocations 

Preventing shoulder dislocations and reducing the risk involves several strategies, including strengthening exercises, proper technique, protective measures, and lifestyle adjustments. Here are some key strategies:

Strengthening and Conditioning:

  • Rotator Cuff Exercises:
    • Strengthening the rotator cuff muscles to stabilise the shoulder joint. Exercises include:
      • Internal and external rotation with resistance bands.
      • Shoulder abduction and flexion exercises.
      • Scapular stabilisation exercises.
  • Scapular Strengthening:
    • Exercises to increase muscle strength around the shoulder blade (scapula) to provide better support and stability to the shoulder joint. Examples include:
      • Scapular retractions.
      • Shoulder shrugs.
      • Push-ups plus (protraction of the scapula at the top of a push-up).
  • Core and Lower Body Strengthening:
    • A strong core and lower body provide a solid base for shoulder movements. Include exercises such as planks, leg lifts, and squats.

Flexibility and Range of Motion:

  • Stretching:
    • Regular stretching of the shoulder muscles and surrounding areas can maintain flexibility and reduce the risk of injury. Focus on:
      • Pectoral stretches.
      • Posterior shoulder stretches.
      • Overhead triceps stretches.
  • Warm-Up and Cool-Down:
    • Proper warm-up before activities increases blood flow to the muscles and prepares the shoulder for movement. Cool-down helps to relax the muscles and reduce stiffness.

Technique and Training:

  • Proper Technique:
    • Using correct techniques in sports and daily activities can minimise the risk of shoulder dislocations. This includes proper throwing mechanics in sports like baseball or football and safe lifting techniques.
  • Gradual Progression:
    • Gradually increase physical activities to avoid overloading the shoulder. Avoid sudden increases in activity levels.
    • Protective Measures:
  • Protective Gear:
    • Use appropriate protective equipment in sports, such as shoulder pads in football and hockey, to reduce the risk of direct blows to the shoulder.
  • Environmental Safety:
    • Ensure safe environments for activities by removing hazards that could cause falls or impacts, such as uneven surfaces or obstacles.
    • Lifestyle Adjustments:
  • Avoid High-Risk Activities:
    • Modify or avoid activities that pose a high risk of shoulder dislocations, especially if you have a history of shoulder instability.
  • Maintain a Healthy Weight:
    • Maintaining a healthy weight will help reduce stress on the joints, including the shoulders, and decrease the risk of injury.
    • Regular Check-Ups and Monitoring:
  • Medical Follow-Up:
    • Regular follow-up appointments with a healthcare provider, especially if you have a history of shoulder dislocations, to monitor shoulder health and address any issues early.
  • Early Intervention:
    • If you experience shoulder pain, instability, or signs of potential dislocation, seek medical advice promptly to prevent further injury.
    • Education and Awareness:
  • Patient Education:
    • Educate individuals about the importance of shoulder health, proper techniques, and the risks associated with certain activities.
  • Awareness Programs:
    • Implement awareness programs in schools, sports teams, and workplaces to promote shoulder health and injury prevention strategies.

By implementing these strategies into your day, you can significantly reduce the risk of shoulder dislocations and maintain overall shoulder health. The Access Ortho team can help guide you in what you can do to prevent further shoulder dislocations.

Outlook and Prognosis for Shoulder Dislocations 

The outlook and prognosis for shoulder dislocations depend on various factors, including the severity of the dislocation, the type of dislocation, the individual’s age and activity level, and the effectiveness of the treatment and rehabilitation. Access Ortho will provide expert orthopaedic care and advice to ensure the best outcome. Here’s a detailed overview:

Initial Recovery:

  • Immediate Reduction:
    • Prompt reduction of the dislocated shoulder by a healthcare professional typically results in immediate pain relief and restoration of joint function.
    • Post-reduction imaging is used to confirm proper alignment and check for associated injuries.
  • Immobilisation:
    • The shoulder is usually immobilised in a sling or brace for 1-3 weeks to allow initial healing.
    • Pain and swelling generally decrease during this period.
    • Rehabilitation:
  • Early Rehabilitation (1-3 weeks):
    • Gentle passive and active-assisted range-of-motion exercises are started to prevent stiffness and maintain flexibility.
    • Avoidance of movements that could cause re-dislocation is crucial.
  • Strengthening Phase (3-6 weeks):
    • Gradual introduction of strengthening exercises for the rotator cuff and scapular stabilisers.
    • Focus on restoring shoulder stability and function.
  • Advanced Rehabilitation (6-12 weeks):
    • Increased intensity of strengthening and stabilisation exercises.
    • Incorporation of functional and sport-specific training, especially for athletes.
    • Long-Term Prognosis:
  • Young and Active Individuals:
    • Higher risk of recurrent dislocations, particularly in athletes and those involved in high-risk activities.
    • Emphasis on comprehensive rehabilitation and potentially surgical intervention if instability persists.
  • Older Adults:
    • Higher likelihood of associated injuries such as rotator cuff tears or fractures, which can complicate recovery.
    • Focus on gentle rehabilitation and addressing any underlying issues to restore function.
  • Recurrent Dislocations:
    • Recurrent shoulder dislocations may require surgical intervention to stabilise the joint and prevent further episodes.
    • Surgical options, such as Bankart repair or Latarjet procedure, have good outcomes in restoring stability and function.
    • Complications and Management:
  • Nerve and Vascular Injuries:
    • Prompt recognition and management of nerve or vascular injuries associated with dislocations are essential for optimal recovery.
  • Chronic Instability:
    • Recurrent dislocations can lead to chronic shoulder instability, requiring a combination of rehabilitation and, in some cases, surgical intervention.
  • Arthritis:
    • Repeated dislocations and associated injuries can increase the risk of osteoarthritis in the shoulder joint over time.
    • Prevention of Recurrence:
  • Strengthening and Conditioning:
    • Ongoing strengthening and conditioning exercises to maintain shoulder stability and function.
    • Regular engagement in rotator cuff and scapular stabilisation exercises.
  • Lifestyle Modifications:
    • Modifying or avoiding high-risk activities that could lead to re-dislocation.
    • Using proper techniques and protective gear in sports and daily activities.
  • Education and Awareness:
    • Educating patients about the importance of rehabilitation protocols and recognising early signs of instability.
    • Overall Outlook:
  • Favourable with Proper Management:
    • With prompt and appropriate management, most individuals recover well from shoulder dislocations and regain full shoulder function.
    • Adherence to rehabilitation and preventive strategies significantly improves outcomes and reduces the risk of recurrence.
  • Variable Based on Individual Factors:
    • The prognosis can vary based on age, activity level, and the presence of associated injuries.
    • Regular follow-up with healthcare providers ensures ongoing monitoring and timely intervention if needed.

By following a comprehensive treatment plan and preventive measures, individuals can achieve a favourable outlook and prognosis following a shoulder dislocation. It is important to contact Access Ortho as soon as possible for an appointment following a shoulder injury. 

What to Expect After a Shoulder Dislocation  and Recovery Time for Shoulder Dislocations 

Immediate Aftermath:

  • Reduction Procedure:
    • A healthcare professional will perform a reduction to reposition the humeral head into the shoulder socket. This may involve sedation or pain relief.
    • Post-reduction, there is often immediate relief of intense pain, but some discomfort and soreness can persist.
  • Immobilisation:
    • The shoulder will likely be immobilised in a sling or brace to prevent further injury and allow initial healing. Immobilisation typically lasts 1-3 weeks.
  • Pain and Swelling:
    • Initial pain and swelling are common and usually subside within a few days to weeks. Pain relief medications and ice packs can help manage symptoms.
    • Early Recovery Phase (1-3 weeks):
  • Limited Movement:
    • During immobilisation, shoulder movement is limited. Gentle passive and active-assisted range-of-motion exercises may be started to prevent stiffness.
  • Follow-Up Appointments:
    • Regular appointments with the medical team to monitor healing and ensure proper shoulder joint alignment.
  • Pain Management:
    • Continuing pain relief as needed, often using over-the-counter medications or prescribed painkillers.
    • Intermediate Recovery Phase (3-6 weeks):
  • Physiotherapy:
    • Gradual introduction of physiotherapy focusing on restoring range of motion and beginning strengthening exercises.
    • Exercises target the rotator cuff and scapular stabilisers to improve shoulder stability.
  • Increased Activity:
    • Gradual return to normal activities, avoiding movements that could stress the shoulder.
    • Advanced Recovery Phase (6-12 weeks):
  • Strengthening Exercises:
    • Intensified physiotherapy with advanced strengthening and stabilisation exercises.
    • Incorporation of functional and sport-specific training, especially for athletes.
  • Return to Activities:
    • Gradual resumption of sports and high-risk activities, focusing on proper techniques and preventive measures.
    • Recovery Time for Shoulder Dislocations
  • Mild to Moderate Dislocations:
    • Initial Healing: 1-3 weeks of immobilisation.
    • Functional Recovery: 3-6 weeks with physiotherapy.
    • Full Recovery: 6-12 weeks to regain full strength and range of motion.
  • Severe or Recurrent Dislocations:
    • Initial Healing: 1-3 weeks of immobilisation.
    • Functional Recovery: 6-12 weeks or longer with intensive physiotherapy.
    • Full Recovery: Several months, depending on the extent of soft tissue damage and the effectiveness of rehabilitation.
  • Surgical Cases:
    • Post-Surgery Immobilisation: Typically 2-6 weeks.
    • Rehabilitation Phase: 3-6 months of physiotherapy to restore function and strength.
    • Full Recovery: 6-12 months, depending on the surgical procedure and adherence to rehabilitation protocols.

Factors Influencing Recovery Time

  • Age and Overall Health:
    • Younger people and those in good overall health tend to recover faster.
    • Older adults or those with comorbidities may experience prolonged recovery.
  • Severity of the Dislocation:
    • Mild dislocations without significant soft tissue damage recover more quickly.
    • Severe dislocations with associated injuries (e.g., rotator cuff tears, fractures) require longer recovery times.
  • Adherence to Rehabilitation:
    • Strict adherence to physiotherapy and rehabilitation protocols significantly improves outcomes and reduces recurrence.
  • Type of Dislocation:
    • Anterior dislocations, the most common type, typically have a predictable recovery course.
    • Posterior and inferior dislocations may require more specialised rehabilitation due to the complexity of these injuries.

By following a structured treatment and rehabilitation plan, most individuals can expect a successful recovery and return to their usual activities. Regular follow-up with healthcare providers ensures that any complications are promptly addressed, optimising the overall outcome. Access Ortho can provide orthopaedic care for your injury. 

When to Seek Medical Attention for a Dislocated Shoulder 

It’s important to seek medical attention for a dislocated shoulder as soon as possible to ensure proper treatment and minimise complications. Here are specific situations and symptoms that indicate you should seek immediate medical care:

When to Seek Medical Attention:

  • Suspected Dislocation:
    • If you suspect a shoulder dislocation due to a visible deformity, severe pain, inability to move the shoulder, or if the shoulder appears out of place, seek medical attention immediately. This may be on the field or in an emergency department if the shoulder cannot be quickly relocated. 
  • Intense Pain:
    • If the pain is severe and not relieved by over-the-counter pain medications or if it worsens despite initial treatment.
  • Signs of Nerve Injury:
    • Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the upper limb (arm, hand, or fingers) may indicate nerve damage associated with the dislocation.
  • Signs of Vascular Injury:
    • If you notice signs of poor circulation, such as pallor, coolness, or diminished pulses in the arm or hand, seek medical help immediately.
  • Inability to Move the Shoulder:
    • If you are unable to move your shoulder or arm, or if movement causes significant pain, medical evaluation is necessary.
  • Recurrent Dislocations:
    • If you have a history of shoulder dislocations and experience another dislocation or persistent instability, consult an orthopaedic surgeon to address the issue and explore preventive measures.
  • Associated Injuries:
    • If there was a significant impact or trauma to the shoulder, such as a fall or collision, which could have caused additional injuries like fractures or tears.
  • Persistent Swelling or Bruising:
    • If swelling or bruising around the shoulder does not improve or worsens, seek medical evaluation to rule out complications or associated injuries.
  • Failure of Initial Treatment:
    • If the initial reduction by a healthcare provider does not alleviate symptoms, or if there are signs of persistent instability or pain.
  • Concerns About Healing:
    • If you have concerns about the healing process, especially if you notice any new symptoms or changes in shoulder function during recovery.
    • Emergency Situations:
  • Severe Pain and Inability to Move:
    • Immediate medical attention is required if the pain is unbearable and you cannot move the shoulder or arm.
  • Signs of Compartment Syndrome:
    • Severe pain, swelling, and tense, shiny skin over the shoulder or arm may indicate compartment syndrome, a serious condition requiring urgent intervention.
  • Sudden Onset of Symptoms:
    • If symptoms develop suddenly or there is a noticeable change in the condition of the shoulder, such as worsening pain or a new deformity.
    • Follow-Up Care:
  • Regular Check-Ups:
    • Attending follow-up appointments is important to monitor the healing process, review any complications, and adjust the treatment plan as needed.
  • Adherence to Rehabilitation:
    • Follow through with prescribed rehabilitation and physiotherapy to ensure proper recovery and prevent recurrence.

Prompt medical attention ensures that a dislocated shoulder is properly managed, reducing the risk of complications and aiding in a quicker and more effective recovery. Access Ortho can provide rapid orthopaedic care. However, if the shoulder does not relocate, it may be essential to visit your nearest emergency department for immediate relocation and attend Access Ortho for follow-up care. 

Frequently Asked Questions

What does a dislocated shoulder feel like?

A dislocated shoulder typically causes severe pain, often described as sharp or intense. The affected shoulder may appear visibly out of place, with an abnormal contour or shape. You might experience significant difficulty moving the shoulder or arm, swelling, and bruising. There may also be a sensation of the shoulder “giving way” or instability.

Can you pop a dislocated shoulder back in yourself?

It is not advisable to attempt to relocate a dislocated shoulder yourself. The process of relocating a dislocated shoulder should be attempted by a trained medical professional to avoid further injury, including nerve or vascular damage. Attempting to do it yourself can lead to complications and worsening of the injury.

How long does it take to recover from a dislocated shoulder?

Recovery time varies based on the dislocation, associated injuries, and adherence to treatment:

  • Mild to Moderate Dislocations: Typically 6-12 weeks for full recovery, including immobilisation, physiotherapy, and gradual return to activities.
  • Severe or Recurrent Dislocations: Recovery may take several months, especially if surgery is needed or if there are significant associated injuries.
What’s the difference between a shoulder dislocation and a shoulder separation?
  • Shoulder Dislocation: When the humeral head (the ball of the shoulder joint) is displaced from the glenoid (the socket). It involves the joint capsule and may include damage to surrounding tissues.
  • Shoulder Separation: Refers to an injury at the acromioclavicular (AC) joint, where the clavicle (collarbone) meets the acromion (part of the shoulder blade). It typically involves a sprain or tear of the AC joint ligaments and does not involve the glenohumeral joint.
Can physiotherapy prevent future shoulder dislocations?

Yes, physiotherapy can help prevent future dislocations by strengthening the rotator cuff and scapular stabilisers, improving shoulder stability and proprioception, and correcting movement patterns. Adherence to a comprehensive rehabilitation program can reduce the risk of recurrence.

Are there any long-term effects of multiple shoulder dislocations?

Multiple dislocations can lead to chronic shoulder instability, increased risk of developing arthritis, rotator cuff injuries, labral tears, and persistent pain. Long-term effects may include reduced shoulder function and strength.

How soon can I return to sports after a shoulder dislocation?

Return to sports depends on the severity of the dislocation, treatment, and rehabilitation progress:

  • Mild to Moderate Dislocations: Generally, you may return to sports in 6-12 weeks, provided you have regained strength, stability, and full range of motion.
  • Severe Dislocations: It may take several months or longer, especially if surgery is required. Your healthcare provider and physiotherapist will assess readiness for return based on functional recovery and risk of re-injury.
What is the proper first aid for a suspected shoulder dislocation?
  • Immobilise: Keep the shoulder in the position it was found, and immobilise it with a sling or brace if available.
  • Avoid Movement: Do not attempt to relocate the shoulder or move it excessively.
  • Apply Ice: Apply ice packs to reduce swelling and pain.
  • Seek Medical Attention: Get professional medical help for proper evaluation and treatment as soon as possible.

Are certain sports more likely to cause shoulder dislocations?

Yes, sports with a high risk of shoulder impact or stress on the shoulder joint are more likely to cause dislocations. These include:

  • Contact sports, for example football, rugby, and hockey.
  • High-impact sports like wrestling and martial arts.
  • Sports involving overhead motions, such as baseball, volleyball, and gymnastics.

Can shoulder dislocations lead to arthritis?

Yes, repeated shoulder dislocations and associated injuries may increase the chance of developing osteoarthritis in the shoulder joint. The wear and tear on the cartilage and joint structures from recurrent dislocations contribute to the development of arthritis over time.